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Thursday, 27 May 2010 21:54
Guinea Bissau
Published in
Guinea Bissau
Thursday, 29 April 2010 22:58
Paris Declaration Survey 2008 Sierra LeoneSierra Leone is a West African country with a population of 6 million. In 2006, the country had a gross national income (GNI) of USD 850 per capita (in purchasing power parity terms). The GNI grew by 7.1% in 2006, a growth rate roughly similar to that of the previous two years. Sierra Leone is a low income country which, since the peace agreement was signed in 1999, has begun to emerge from eleven years of civil war. As a result of the conflict, there is extensive poverty; the most recent poverty survey, carried out in 1989 before the civil war began, estimated that 57% of the population lived below the one-dollar-per-day international poverty line. Diamonds account for 95% of the country’s exports. Ownership Although Sierra Leone did not participate in the 2006 Baseline Survey, it received a World Bank rating of D for that year, a rating received by 21% of participating countries. This indicates that some elements of an operational development strategy exist and provide a basis for making progress. For the 2008 Survey, Sierra Leone increased its rating to C indicating that some progress is being made, but more is needed. Alignment The data suggest that Sierra Leone has made very good progress, particularly given the relatively low capacity of the government sector in increasing the reliability of country systems, though donors have not made such good progress in using these systems. In addition, the country is making some progress in other dimensions including better integrating project implementation units (PIUs) into government systems, but that there is substantial room for progress as regards co-ordinated capacity development, the use by donors of country systems, and in year predictability. Progressing further will be a challenge and will require the government to exercise stronger leadership. Harmonisation Sierra Leone has made reasonable progress on joint missions and joint country analytical work. According to the 2008 Survey, it has already exceeded the 2010 target and is showing signs that further improvement is possible in these two areas. More generally, progress is being made toward strengthening donor partnerships. Increasing government leadership will help donors move toward developing more programme-based approaches (PBAs). Managing for Results Sierra Leone received a rating of D on managing for result in 2007, indicating some basis for progress, either through existing mechanisms or through definite plans. However, the rating remains unchanged from 2005. The 2010 target is for countries to move up one grade in the rating; for Sierra Leone, the target is a C grade. Mutual Accountability Sierra Leone has not yet put in place a joint framework to assess government and donor performance in strengthening aid effectiveness. In 2005, the consultative group established a taskforce to identify actions to enhance aid effectiveness. However, the country does not have the necessary mechanisms and no assessment has taken place. Considerably more work will need to be carried out on both sides in order to meet this target.
Published in
Sierra Leone
Monday, 01 March 2010 05:21
Suivi des Principes d’Engagement dans les États fragiles et situations de fragilité. Rapport Pays 3 : République Démocratique du CongoSuivi des Principes d’Engagement dans les États fragiles et situations de fragilité Rapport Pays 3 : République Démocratique du Congo (OCDE, 2009)
Ce rapport fait suivi de principes pour l’engagement international dans les États fragiles et les situations précaires afin de contribuer à amélioration de l’efficacité de l’aide dans les États fragiles, en complément à la Déclaration de Paris, c’est-à-dire en l’adaptant aux défis particuliers posés par ces États. Principe 1- Prendre le contexte comme point de départ : Il demande une lecture plus régulière qui prenne en compte le contexte socioculturel du pays. L’analyse du contexte en RDC reste multiple et fragmentée, et quand elle existe, l’information circule mal. La communauté internationale a mis en place les prémisses d’une compréhension mieux partagée du contexte congolais. Une gestion axée sur les résultats et la responsabilité mutuelle – deux principes de la Déclaration de Paris – qui demande un effort supplémentaire de partage, de suivi et d’évaluation de leurs activités. Principe 2 - Ne pas nuire : Malgré l’existence de bonnes pratiques, principalement dans le domaine humanitaire, le diagnostic majoritairement partagé a été que la communauté internationale n’a pas su mettre en oeuvre le Principe « Ne pas nuire » en RDC. Ce Principe demande que la communauté internationale porte une attention particulière aux risques de poches d’exclusion auxquels contribuerait une mauvaise répartition de l’aide. Le Principe « Ne pas nuire » est aussi mis en perspective par une discussion concernant le mandat de la MONUC et le rôle du secteur minier. Principe 3 - Faire du renforcement de l’état l’objectif fundamental : Ce principe comme objectif fondamental semble bien intégré dans les choix d’intervention de la communauté internationale. Toutefois, l’absence de résultats visibles, le manque d’implication de l’administration publique dans l’exécution des projets, ainsi que la trop grande visibilité de certains acteurs internationaux, expliquent des différences de points de vue de nombreux participants sur la réalité de la situation. Il faut aussi souligner la responsabilité des autorités congolaises dans ce domaine. En effet, d’après la communauté internationale, le pays a connu un immobilisme politique depuis 2006, caractérisé par de nombreux remaniements ministériels, une faible capacité des ministères et un manque de volonté et de vision politiques. Ainsi, ils expliquent que les délais de mise en oeuvre des programmes financés par les bailleurs de fonds soient pour partie dus à des retards au niveau des réformes institutionnelles et législatives. Principe 4 - Accorder la priorité à la prévention : La contribution de la communauté internationale à la gestion et prévention des crises en RDC a été soulignée. Toutefois, la consolidation de la paix va de paire avec le renforcement de l’État. Ainsi, la communauté internationale doit non seulement maintenir ses efforts de médiation, mais aussi soutenir des programmes de plus long terme, absolument nécessaires à la prévention des conflits. L’analyse et le suivi régulier des causes de conflit et la reconstruction du tissu social en particulier, ont été identifiés par beaucoup comme des priorités. Principe 5 - Reconnaître qu’il existe des liens entre les objectifs politiques, sécuritaires et de développement : Les liens entre les objectifs politiques, sécuritaires et de développement sont déjà bien assimilés dans les discours sous le sigle « 3 D » (Diplomatie, Défense, Développement) et ont bien été pris en compte dans les programmes du gouvernement. La communauté internationale connaît toutefois des résultats encore limités dans son soutien à la réforme du secteur de sécurité. Principe 6 - Promouvoir la non-discrimination comme fondement de sociétés stables et sans exclus : La RDC est perçue comme discriminée par rapport à d’autres pays, le niveau d’aide par habitant étant plus bas que la moyenne en Afrique sub-saharienne. La mauvaise répartition de l’aide aurait aussi contribué à la création de poches d’exclusion. S’agissant de promouvoir la non-discrimination au sein du pays, l’engagement positif de la communauté internationale a été le plus visible dans la promotion et la protection des femmes. Ailleurs, leur influence sur la lutte contre l’impunité, la corruption et les atteintes aux droits de l’homme – causes récurrentes de la discrimination envers les plus faibles en RDC – est perçue comme faible. Principe 7 - S’aligner sur les priorités locales d’une manière différente selon le contexte : L’alignement sur les priorités nationales existe à travers le Cadre d’assistance pays (CAP), le Document de Stratégie de Croissance et de Réduction de la Pauvreté (DSCRP) et le Programme d’actions prioritaires (PAP). Toutefois, la communauté internationale n’a pas eu recours aux systèmes nationaux de passation de marché et gestion des finances publiques, considérés comme trop faibles. Un appui technique pour renforcer les systèmes nationaux (finances publiques et passation des marchés) ainsi qu’une accélération des réformes sont nécessaires. En général, la communauté internationale aurait tendance à « chercher des raccourcis » et à ne pas suffisamment impliquer les structures administratives du pays. Les bailleurs de fonds se sont engagés à réduire le nombre d’unités parallèles de mise en oeuvre (estimé à 146 dans la dernière enquête de suivi de la mise en oeuvre de la Déclaration de Paris), ce qui bénéficierait au « renforcement des capacités de gestion de projets et programmes des agents et cadres de l’administration publique ». Quant à la nécessité de s’aligner sur les priorités sub-nationales, cela est particulièrement nécessaire dans le contexte de la décentralisation inscrite dans la Constitution, mais demeure difficile en l’absence d’une véritable politique de développement au niveau des provinces et entités territoriales décentralisées. Le PAP 2009–10 devrait permettre la mise en place de stratégies de développement au niveau des provinces et entités territoriales décentralisées, permettant ainsi aux donateurs de mieux s’aligner sur les priorités locales. Principe 8 - S’accorder sur des mécanismes concrets de coordination de l’action des acteurs internationaux : Les participants ont reconnu les efforts de coordination des partenaires internationaux au cours de ces dernières années. Ils ont salué les bénéfices des clusters47 et du Pooled Fund dans les actions humanitaires, et la formation récente de groupes thématiques destinés à soutenir les cadres stratégiques de développement du gouvernement. Ils ont cependant reconnu le manque de coordination des actions de développement sur le terrain et le besoin d’un effort de leadership supplémentaire de la part du gouvernement. Principe 9 Agir vite… mais rester engagé assez longtemps pour avoir des chances de réussite : En dehors de l’action humanitaire, où des mécanismes rapides d’intervention existent, les participants se sont accordés à dire que la communauté internationale n’agit pas suffisamment vite. Les mécanismes de réponse rapide d’intervention restent rares. La conception et mise en oeuvre de projets de développement semblent toujours prendre plus de temps que prévu, à cause de lourdeurs administratives tant du côté du gouvernement que du côté des bailleurs de fonds. En revanche, la communauté internationale reconnait l’importance d’un engagement multidimensionnel sur le long terme ; les chances de réussite de leur engagement étant tributaires de leurs efforts d’évaluation et de suivi, de leur soutien aux prochaines élections, de la remise de la dette et du désengagement, à terme, de la MONUC. Principe 10 - Éviter de créer des poches d’exclusion: Tant l’aide humanitaire que l’aide au développement sont inégalement réparties en RDC. Afin d’éviter de créer des poches d’exclusion en RDC, la communauté internationale devra faire un effort supplémentaire pour pourvoir aux besoins de la population sur l’ensemble du territoire. Et ce, tout en veillant à répartir l’aide de façon équitable à travers les différents secteurs, tout en impliquant les autorités centrales et provinciales, et en s’alignant progressivement sur les priorités locales définies par les provinces et entités territoriales décentralisées.
Published in
RD Congo
Saturday, 20 February 2010 05:17
Country Chapter Final Madagascar 2008Du point de vue des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement, Madagascar est en bonne voie pour les objectifs 2 (assurer l’éducation pour tous) et 4 (réduire la pauvreté infantile). En 2006, le montant net de l’aide publique au développement (APD) à Madagascar s’est établi à 754 millions USD soit 14% du RNB.
Published in
Madagascar
Saturday, 20 February 2010 04:59
Memorandum of Understanding on the Joint Assistance Strategy of Tanzania
The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and its Development Partners recognise substantial progress in improving aid effectiveness and strengthening national ownership of the development process in Tanzania. They desire to take this further under the Joint Assistance Strategy for Tanzania (JAST), operationalising the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness to which they are signatories. This Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) declares the principles of implementing the JAST that are shared by the Government and Development Partners, in order to make aid in Tanzania more effective for reducing poverty and achieving national development goals in line with the Millenium Development Goals.
Published in
Tanzania
Saturday, 20 February 2010 04:51
Strengthening Aid Effectiveness in TanzaniaOne of the challenges that the government of Tanzania is trying to address is the translation of recent economic gains into the social
well-being of its people. Having experienced a sustained period of economic hardship, deteriorating Development Partner relationships, and the consequent suspension of aid assistance, 1997 marked a new beginning in terms of better aid relations and national development transformation in Tanzania. Thanks to the Helleiner’s Independent Commission Report (1994), the government and its development partners (DPs) agreed to reform Tanzania’s aid management framework. By placing national ownership and government leadership at the forefront of the development process, they fostered transparency and accountability in external resource management. Between 2002 and 2006, real economic growth averaged 6%, compared to less than 4% in the early 1990s. Inflation has fallen sharply to an average of 5% since 2000, compared to more than 30% in the mid 1990s. Meanwhile, government-Development Partner confidence remains historically high. However, with almost 36% of the population living below the national basic needs poverty line, it is clear that more efforts are needed to translate these economic gains into wellbeing for the millions of people of Tanzania. It is also clear that the government’s efforts alone cannot meet these challenges without the cooperation of other stakeholders, including private sector, parliamentarians, civil society, research institutions, and, most crucially, the international aid community. Aid contributes a significant share of the national budget by complementing domestic resource mobilization and capacity development in Tanzania. More than 40% of national spending is dependent on aid while aid inflows stand at 12% of GDP in 2006/07, making Tanzania one of the major foreign-aid recipient countries. As the government continues to implement more economic reforms, about26 bilateral and multilateral development partners will continue to assist the implementation of Tanzania’s national priorities. By supporting the establishment of a sound institutional framework for guiding aid and strengthening public services and financial management systems, aid will be made more effective, and reflective of national development aspirations. This is the new spirit of partnership that both the government and development partners aspire to pursue as they face the challenges
of bringing hope of a better life to the millions of men, women and children of Tanzania.
Published in
Tanzania
Saturday, 20 February 2010 04:45
Quarterly Aid Disbursements Sector Report 2009The Government of Malawi (GoM) places a priority on maximising the cost effectiveness of its available aid resources towards achieving the goals laid out in the Malawi Growth and development Strategy (MGDS). As part of this process, in November 2008 GoM launched sector working groups (SWGs) as the basis for programme planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation across the sixteen sectors of the Malawian economy. By coordinating clearly defined sector composition and operational boundaries SWG are expected to generate a more efficient Division of Labour (DoL) amongst development partners (DP) in relation to GoM policies and systems. SWG thus present Government and its development partners with an unprecedented opportunity to move forward collectively in order to live up to the commitments of the Paris Declaration (2005) and the Accra Agenda for Action (2008). The Quarterly Aid Disbursement Sector Report is a new addition to the analysis of donor aid flows carried out by the Debt and Aid Management Division of the Ministry of Finance. This Report intends to strengthen the SWG process by providing a more regular tracking tool for the analysis of donor behaviour in each of the economic sector classifications. It is envisioned that improved information on donor behaviour in each sector will inform SWGs, donor partners and other actors to promote i) reduction in the duplication of efforts and rationalisation of donor activities to make them as cost-effective as possible; ii) the reform and simplification of donor policies and procedures to encourage collaborative behaviour and increased alignment with GoM priorities, systems and procedures; iii) improve sector planning efforts by the GoM; and iv) ultimately, enhance donor and GoM respective accountability for their development policies, strategies and performance. The first section of the Report focuses on a number of aggregate aid disbursement issues including aid modalities, donor and sector composition, alignment with Malawi Growth and Development Strategy priorities, sector and donor fragmentation and aid variability. The second section of this Report, provides a summary of disbursements made during the quarter for each economic sector. Future versions of this Report will monitor the compliance of donors with their aid reporting commitments. Over time, new measures and indicators will also be added which attempt to provide new insights into how progress is being made towards a more effective distribution of donor resources in Malawi.
Published in
Malawi
Saturday, 20 February 2010 03:20
Good Practice Promoting Aid EffectivenessThe purpose of this brief is to provide information on the work of the DAG Ethiopia and show what is being done to promote the Paris Principles of aid effectiveness in Ethiopia. The Development Assistance Group (DAG) was established in 2001 and is comprised of 25 multilateral and bilateral partners that provide development assistance to Ethiopia. The DAG was established to foster and catalyze policy dialogue and to coordinate and harmonise donor support in the preparation, monitoring and evaluation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The DAG works towards the achievement of harmonization and aid effectiveness in line with the Paris Declaration.
Published in
Ethiopia
Saturday, 20 February 2010 03:13
Paris Declaration Survey Ethiopia 2008This chapter is based primarily on the data and findings communicated by government and donors to the OECD through the Paris Declaration monitoring process. This OECD document monitors and evaluates up to 2008, Paris declaration principles. Ethiopia Country Chapter of the 2006 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration. This chapter is based primarily on the data and findings communicated by government and donors to the OECD through the Paris Declaration monitoring process. This OECD document monitors and evaluates up to 2008, Paris declaration principles: 1. Ownership: Ethiopia increased its rating from C to B for the extent to which it has an operational development strategy. This indicates that progress has been made and that country has taken significant action already, although further action will be needed. 2. Alignment: Ethiopia’s progress towards the 2010 targets on alignment has been mixed; there is good progress in some areas, but progress in others has been slower. The number of parallel project implementation units (PIUs) has nearly and there are indications that the number will continue to fall. By contrast, limited progress has been made on untying aid and despite progress in strengthening PFM systems; there was only a limited increase in the proportion of aid to the government that used the systems. 3. Harmonisation: Ethiopia's progress on harmonisation is also mixed. The proportion of aid that is programme based has increased to the point that Ethiopia has reached its 2010 target, despite the fact that donors provide no aid in the form of budget support as a result of the events in 2005. Donors have also made progress, albeit limited, towards increasing joint country analytical work. 4. Managing for results: Ethiopia's remained at C in the 2008 Survey, suggesting that no further progress has been made. However, several initiatives should help to improve the country's reporting and assessment system including the establishment of a monitoring and evaluation framework for assessing progress against the national development strategy, ongoing efforts to improve national statistical capacity, and the presence of regular government-donor joint review forums to review performance and feed back into decision making. 5. Mutual accountability: Ethiopia would be judged to have achieved the target for mutual accountability by 2010. While further progress has been made, more work will have to be carried out to strengthen mutual accountability mechanisms. Progress towards greater aid effectiveness in Ethiopia is very mixed. However, as the 2008 Survey shows without renewed and strengthened commitment from both government and donors, to sustain and progress on the achievements. On country systems, donors and the government need to take concerted actions to address some of the identified problems, in terms of improving the quality of systems and also increasing their use by donors.
Published in
Ethiopia
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